ROLE OF INFLIMMATORY CYTOKINES IN UNIVEITIS AOMNG AUTOIMMUNE DIESEASE PATIENTS

Abstract

Autoimmune-related uveitis is a complex inflammatory eye disorder characterized by immune dysregulation and tissue damage. This study aimed to explore the role of key inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis and clinical progression of uveitis in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Quantitative analysis of serum samples revealed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the uveitis group compared to healthy controls. Flow cytometry identified increased proportions of CD4+ T cells and NK cells in affected patients, indicating heightened immune activity. Correlation analyses showed strong associations between cytokine levels and clinical severity, with TNF-α and IFN-γ emerging as the most predictive markers. Stratification by autoimmune subtype showed the highest cytokine expression among systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Treatment with anti-cytokine therapies led to a marked reduction in cytokine levels, supporting their therapeutic relevance. Biomarker evaluation revealed high sensitivity and specificity for TNF-α and IFN-γ, suggesting their utility in diagnosis and monitoring. These findings underscore the central role of inflammatory cytokines in mediating ocular inflammation and propose targeted cytokine modulation as a viable therapeutic strategy. The study advances our understanding of uveitis pathophysiology and offers insight into personalized approaches for treatment and biomarker-guided care.